Wars in the Former Yugoslavia

In the early 1990s, the Balkan country of Yugoslavia fell apart in a series of wars which saw ethnic cleansing and genocide return to Europe. The driving force was not age-old ethnic tensions (as the Serb side liked to proclaim), but distinctly modern nationalism, fanned by the media and driven by politicians. As Yugoslavia collapsed, majority ethnicities pushed for independence. These nationalist governments ignored their minorities or actively persecuted them, forcing them out of jobs. As propaganda made these minorities paranoid, they  armed themselves and smaller actions degenerated into a bloody set of wars. While the situation was rarely as clear as Serb versus Croat versus Muslim, many small civil wars erupted over decades of rivalry and those key patterns existed. Context: Yugoslavia and the Fall of Communism The Balkans had been the site of conflict between the Austrian and Ottoman Empires for centuries before both collapsed during World War I. The peace conference which redrew the maps of Europe created the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes out of territory in the area, pushing together groups of people who soon quarreled about how they wished to be governed. A strictly centralized state formed, but opposition continued, and in 1929 the king dismissed representative government—after the Croat leader was shot while at parliament—and began to rule as a monarchical dictator. The kingdom was renamed Yugoslavia, and the new government purposefully ignored the existing and traditional regions and peoples. In 1941, as World War II spread over the continent, Axis soldiers invaded. During the course of the war in Yugoslavia—which had turned from a war against the Nazis and their allies to a messy civil war complete with ethnic cleansing—communist partisans rose to prominence. When liberation was achieved it was the communists who took power under their leader, Josip Tito. The old kingdom was now replaced by a federation of supposedly six equal republics, which included Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia, and two autonomous regions, including Kosovo. Tito kept this nation together partly by sheer force of will and a communist party which cut across ethnic boundaries, and, as the USSR broke with Yugoslavia, the latter took its own path. As Tito’s rule continued, ever more power filtered down, leaving just the Communist Party, the army, and Tito to hold it together. However, after Tito died, the different wishes of the six republics began to pull Yugoslavia apart, a situation exacerbated by the collapse of the USSR in the late 1980s, leaving just a Serb-dominated army. Without their old leader, and with the new possibilities of free elections and self-representation, Yugoslavia divided. The Rise of Serbian Nationalism Arguments began over centralism with a strong central government, versus federalism with the six republics having greater powers. Nationalism emerged, with people pushing for splitting Yugoslavia up or forcing it together under Serb domination. In 1986, the Serbian Academy of Sciences issued a Memorandum which became a focal point for Serb nationalism by reviving ideas of a Greater Serbia. The Memorandum claimed Tito, a Croat/Slovene, had deliberately tried to weaken Serb areas, which some people believed, as it explained why they were doing relatively poorly economically compared to the northern regions of Slovenia and Croatia. The Memorandum also claimed Kosovo had to remain Serbian, despite a 90 percent Albanian population, because of the importance to Serbia of a 14th century battle in that region. It was a conspiracy theory that twisted history, given weight by respected authors, and a Serb media which claimed Albanians were trying to rape and kill their way to genocide. They we ren’t. Tensions between Albanians and local Serbs exploded and the region began to fragment. In 1987, Slobodan Milosevic was a low-key but powerful bureaucrat who, thanks to the major support of Ivan Stambolic (who had risen to be Serbia’s Prime Minister) was able to leverage his position into an almost Stalin-like seizure of power in the Serb Communist Party by filling job after job with his own supporters. Until 1987 Milosevic was often portrayed as a dim-witted Stambolic lackey, but that year he was in the right place at the right time in Kosovo to make a televised speech in which he effectively seized control of the Serbian nationalism movement and then consolidated his part by seizing control of the Serbian communist party in a battle waged in the media. Having won and purged the party, Milosevic turned the Serb media into a propaganda machine which brainwashed many into paranoid nationalism. Milosevic than gained Serb ascendance over Kosovo, Montenegro, and Vojvodina, securing nationalist Serb power in four of the region’s units; the Yugoslav government c ould not resist. Slovenia now feared a Greater Serbia and set themselves up as the opposition, so the Serb media turned its attack onto Slovenes. Milosevic then started a boycott of Slovenia. With one eye on Milosevic’s human rights abuses in Kosovo, the Slovenes began to believe the future was out of Yugoslavia and away from Milosevic. In 1990, with Communism collapsing in Russia and across Eastern Europe, the Yugoslavia Communist Congress fragmented along nationalist lines, with Croatia and Slovenia quitting and holding multi-party elections in response to Milosevic trying to use it to centralize Yugoslav’s remaining power in Serb hands. Milosevic was then elected President of Serbia, thanks in part to removing $1.8 billion from the federal bank to use as subsidies. Milosevic now appealed to all Serbs, whether they were in Serbia or not, supported by a new Serb constitution which claimed to represent Serbs in other Yugoslav nations. The Wars for Slovenia and Croatia With the collapse of the communist dictatorships in the late 1980s, the Slovenian and Croatian regions of Yugoslavia held free, multi-party elections. The victor in Croatia was the Croatian Democratic Union, a right-wing party. The fears of the Serb minority were fuelled by claims from within the remainder of Yugoslavia that the CDU planned a return to the anti-Serb hatred of World War II. As the CDU had taken power partly as a nationalistic response to Serbian propaganda and actions, they were easily cast as the Ustasha reborn, especially as they began to force Serbs out of jobs and positions of power. The Serb-dominated region of Knin—vital for the much needed Croatian tourism industry—then declared itself a sovereign nation, and a spiral of terrorism and violence began between Croatian Serbs and Croats. Just as the Croats were accused of being Ustaha, so the Serbs were accused of being Chetniks. Slovenia held a plebiscite for independence, which passed due to large fears over Serb domination and Milosevics actions in Kosovo, and both Slovenia and Croatia began arming local military and paramilitaries. Slovenia declared independence on June 25, 1991, and the JNA (Yugoslavia’s Army, under Serbian control, but concerned whether their pay and benefits would survive the division into smaller states) was ordered in to hold Yugoslavia together. Slovenia’s independence was aimed more at breaking from Milosevic’s Greater Serbia than from the Yugoslav ideal, but once the JNA went in, full independence was the only option. Slovenia had prepared for a short conflict, managing to keep some of their weapons when the JNA had disarmed Slovenia and Croatia,  and hoped that the JNA would soon get distracted by wars elsewhere. In the end, the JNA was defeated in 10 days, partly because there were few Serbs in the region for it to stay and fight to protect. When Croatia also declared independence on June 25, 1991, following a Serb seizure of Yugoslavia’s presidency, clashes between Serbs and Croatians increased. Milosevic and the JNA used this as a reason to invade Croatia to try to protect the Serbs. This action was encouraged by the U.S. Secretary of State who told Milosevic that the U.S. would not recognize Slovenia and Croatia, giving the Serb leader the impression he had a free hand. A short war followed, where around a third of Croatia was occupied. The UN then acted, offering foreign troops to try and halt the warfare (in the form of UNPROFOR) and bring peace and demilitarization to the disputed areas. This was accepted by the Serbs because they’d already conquered what they wanted and forced other ethnicities out, and they wanted to use the peace to focus on other areas. The international community recognized Croatian independence in 1992, but areas remained occupied by the Serbs and protected by the UN. Before these could be reclaimed, the conflict in Yugoslavia spread because both Serbia and Croatia wanted to break up Bosnia between them. In 1995 Croatia’s government won back control of western Slavonia and central Croatia from the Serbs in Operation Storm, thanks in part to U.S. training and U.S. mercenaries; there was counter ethnic cleansing, and the Serb population fled. In 1996 pressure on Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic forced him to surrender eastern Slavonia and pull out his troops, and Croatia finally won back this region in 1998. UN Peacekeepers only left in 2002. The War for Bosnia After WWII, the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of Yugoslavia, populated by a mixture of Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, the latter being recognized in 1971 as a class of ethnic identity. When a census was taken in the aftermath of the collapse of Communism, Muslims comprised 44 percent of the population, with 32 percent Serbs and fewer Croats. The free elections held then produced political parties with corresponding sizes, and a three-way coalition of nationalist parties. However, the Bosnian Serb party—pushed by Milosevic—agitated for more. In 1991 they declared the Serb Autonomous Regions and a national assembly for Bosnian Serbs only, with supplies coming from Serbia and the former Yugoslavian military. The Bosnian Croats responded by declaring their own power blocs. When Croatia was recognized by the international community as independent, Bosnia held its own referendum. Despite Bosnian-Serbian disruptions, a massive majority voted for independence, declared on March 3, 1992. This left a large Serb minority which, fuelled by Milosevic’s propaganda, felt threatened and ignored and wanted to join with Serbia. They had been armed by Milosevic, and would not go quietly. Initiatives by foreign diplomats to peacefully break Bosnia into three areas, defined by the ethnicity of the locals, failed as fighting broke out. War spread throughout Bosnia as Bosnian Serb paramilitaries attacked Muslim towns and executed people en masse to force the populations out, to try and create a united land filled with Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs were led by Radovan Karadzic, but criminals soon formed gangs and took their own bloody routes. The term ethnic cleansing was used to describe their actions. Those who weren’t killed or had not fled were put into detention camps and mistreated further. Shortly after, two-thirds of Bosnia came under the control of forces commanded from Serbia. After setbacks—an international arms embargo which favored the Serbs, a conflict with Croatia which saw them ethnically cleanse too (such as at Ahmici)—the Croats and Muslims agreed  to a federation. They fought the Serbs to a standstill and then took back their  land. During this period, the U.N. refused to play any direct role despite evidence of genocide, preferring to provide humanitarian aid (which undoubtedly saved lives, but did not tackle the cause of the problem), a no-fly  zone, sponsoring safe areas, and promoting discussions such as the Vance-Owen Peace Plan. The latter has been much criticized as pro-Serb  but did involve them handing some conquered land back. It was scuppered by the international community. However, in 1995 NATO attacked Serbian forces after they ignored the U.N. This was thanks in no small part to one man, General Leighton W. Smith Jr., who was in charge in the area, although their effectiveness is debated. Peace talks—previously rejected by the Serbs but now accepted by a Milosevic who was turning against the Bosnian Serbs and their exposed weaknesses—produced the Dayton Agreement after the place of its negotiation in Ohio. This produced The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croats and Muslims, with 51 percent of the land, and a Bosnian Serb republic with 49 percent of the land. A 60,000 man international peacekeeping force was sent in (IFOR). No one was happy: no Greater Serbia, no Greater Croatia, and a devastated Bosnia-Hercegovina moving towards partition, with huge areas politically dominated by Croatia and Serbia. There had been millions of refugees, perhaps half of the Bosnian population. In Bosnia, elections in 1996 elected another triple government. The War for Kosovo By the end of the 1980s, Kosovo was a supposedly autonomous area within Serbia, with a 90 percent Albanian population. Because of the region’s religion and history—Kosovo was the location of a battle key in Serbian folklore and of some importance to Serbia’s actual history—many nationalist Serbs began to demand, not just control of the region but a resettlement program to oust the Albanians permanently. Slobodan Milosevic canceled Kosovar autonomy in 1988–1989, and Albanians retaliated with strikes and protests. A leadership emerged in the intellectual Democratic League of Kosovo, which aimed at pushing as far as they could towards independence without getting into a war with Serbia. A referendum called for independence, and newly autonomous structures were created within Kosovo itself. Given that Kosovo was poor and unarmed, this stance proved popular, and amazingly the region passed through the bitter Balkan wars of the early 1990s mostly unscathed. With ‘peace’, Kosovo was ignored by the negotiators and found itself still in Serbia. For many, the way the region had been sidelined and lumped into Serbia by the West suggested that peaceful protest wasn’t enough. A militant arm, which had emerged in 1993 and produced the Kosovan Liberation Army (KLA), now grew stronger and was bankrolled by those Kosovars who worked abroad and could provide foreign capital. The KLA committed their first major actions in 1996, and a cycle of terrorism and counter-attack flared up between Kosovars and Serbs. As the situation worsened and Serbia refused diplomatic initiatives from the West, NATO decided it could intervene, especially after Serbs massacred 45 Albanian villagers in a highly publicized incident. A last-ditch attempt at finding peace diplomatically—which has also been accused of simply being a Western sideshow to establish clear good and bad sides—led the Kosovar contingent to accept terms but the Serbs to reject it, thus allowing the West to portray the Serbs as at fault. There thus began on March 24 a very new type of war, one which lasted until June 10 but which was conducted entirely from the NATO end by airpower. Eight hundred thousand people fled their homes, and NATO failed to work with the KLA to coordinate things on the ground. This air war progressed ineffectually for NATO until they finally accepted that they would need ground troops, and went about getting them ready—and until Russia agreed to force Serbia to concede. Quite which one of these was the most important is still up for debate. Serbia was to pull all its troops and police (who were largely Serb) out of Kosovo, and the KLA was to disarm. A force of peacekeepers dubbed KFOR would police the region, which was to have full autonomy inside Serbia. The Myths of Bosnia There is a myth, widely spread during the wars of the former Yugoslavia and still around now, that Bosnia was a modern creation with no history, and that fighting for it was wrong (in as much as the western and international powers did fight for it). Bosnia was a medieval kingdom under a monarchy founded in the 13th century. It survived until the Ottomans conquered it in the 15th century. Its boundaries remained among the most consistent of the Yugoslavian states as administrative regions of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. Bosnia did have a history, but what it lacked was an ethnic or religious majority. Instead, it was a multi-cultural and relatively peaceful state. Bosnia was not torn apart by millennia-old religious or ethnic conflict, but by politics and modern tensions. Western bodies believed the myths (many spread by Serbia) and abandoned many in Bosnia to their fate. Western Lack of Intervention The wars in the former Yugoslavia could have proved even more embarrassing for  NATO, the UN, and the leading western nations like the U.K., U.S., and France, had the media chosen to report it as such. Atrocities were reported in 1992, but peacekeeping forces—which were undersupplied and given no powers—as well as a no-fly zone and an arms embargo which favored the Serbs, did little to stop the war or the genocide. In one dark incident, 7,000 males were killed in Srebrenica as UN Peacekeepers looked on unable to act. Western views on the wars were too often based on misreadings of ethnic tensions and Serbian propaganda. Conclusion The wars in the former Yugoslavia appear to be over for now. Nobody won, as the result was a redrawing of the ethnic map through fear and violence. All peoples—Croat, Muslim, Serb and others—saw centuries-old communities permanently erased through murder and the threat of murder, leading to states which were more ethnically homogenous but tainted by guilt. This may have pleased top players like Croat leader Tudjman, but it destroyed hundreds of thousands of lives. All 161 people charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for  war crimes  have now been arrested.

Californias Death Penalty - 1667 Words

 ¿Californias Death Penalty? What are we mad about electricity rates, gasoline prices, traffic congestion and crowded schools? Were missing the point here. What were missing here is some good, old and honest anger about an issue that has been a concern for decades Ââ€" Californias Death Penalty. The Death Penalty has long been a problem in California from costs, deterrence, overcrowded prisons, execution of the innocent and so on. Then if were having all these problems why should we continue using this system? The death penalty is the sentence of execution for murder and other capital crimes. Which are punishable by death? The death penalty is used only in 38 states (www.deathpenalty.org). The state of California is home to the nations†¦show more content†¦The death sentence, once carried out, is irreversible. If society executes an innocent prisoner, there is no way to undo the error. The advantage of imprisonment it always leaves the possibility of overturning a wrongfu l conviction (Capital Punishment, pg 19-20). While years lost because of being incarcerated it cannot be returned but there might be some sort of compensation. The possibility that innocent sentenced to death does exist. In California, at least six men have been sentenced to death, that were either acquitted on the charge of murder or had their murder convictions overturned (www.deathpenalty.org). California has executed just 10 inmates since it restored capital punishment in 1978. In that same period, 38 death row inmates have died of other causes: three were killed by other prisoners, a dozen committed suicide and the rest died of natural causes (www.deathpenalty.org) According to California law, all death penalty appeals are heard by the Supreme Court. It is more likely that an inmate, who is sentenced to death, will sit on death row for more than five years before he is appointed an attorney for his first and mandatory appeal to the California Supreme Court. The death penalty or capital punishment may be approved by Congress or the states legislature for murder and other capital crimes. The Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty is a violation of the eighth amendments banShow MoreRelated Californias Death Penalty Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages  ¿California’s Death Penalty? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What are we mad about electricity rates, gasoline prices, traffic congestion and crowded schools? We’re missing the point here. What were missing here is some good, old and honest anger about an issue that has been a concern for decades – California’s Death Penalty. The Death Penalty has long been a problem in California from costs, deterrence, overcrowded prisons, execution of the innocent and so on. Then if were having all these problemsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death Penalty is the punishment of execution to someone who legally by court of law convicted a capital crime. In the United States of America this is mainly used for aggravated murder. Additionally this means that the murder has circumstances that are severe. For instance it was planned murder, intentionally killed below the age of 13, killed someone while serving term in prison, killed a law officer, and killed someone or ille gally terminated a person’s pregnancy while in the process of committingRead Moreshould the death penalty be reinstated in the uk?1239 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Should the death penalty be reinstated in the UK? The restoration of the death penalty for serious crimes is an issue of debate in the UK because of the recent rise in violent crime. 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The death penalty has many issues that cannot be resolved, and since these issues can’t be solved, the death penalty should be abolished. â€Å"The irrevocable nature of the death penalty rend ers it an unsustainable and indefensible remedyRead MoreProposition 62 : Repeal The Death Penalty Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Proposition 62: Repeal of the Death Penalty In my lifetime alone, same sex marriage has been legalized, the use of marijuana has been legalized and technology has advanced so substantially that we are always connected, allowing news and ideas to spread quickly throughout the nation. In the last 10 years more than ever, I feel that the Constitution and its ideas have been questioned. It seems we’ve realized that a list of rules written over 200 years ago are becoming arbitrary. More specificallyRead MoreThe Consequences Of The Death Penalty Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pagesthey do consider the risks, they are typically not focused upon the long-term consequences, such as death, but rather the immediate arrest and imprisonment. In fact, according to Kovandzic et al. (2009), the long-term risks never enter the forefront of the criminal’s mind during the decision-making process. By narrowing their focus upon the gains rather than the costs, they are able to minimize (or even eliminate) their fear of arrest and pun ishment, and even sometimes believing they wouldn’t getRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished Essay1883 Words   |  8 Pagesproposiitons about the death penalty will be voted on Noverber 8, 2016. The first one is Propostion 62, which requires to repeal the death penalty and replace it with life imprisonment without possibility of parole. 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Georgia, and consequently, it was the first state to perform an actual execution after the court case settled. Though many citizens and politicians consider the state of Florida harsher than most states concerning the death sentence, it still falls short in one respect: gender

Goitre Benign Thyroid Nodules Free Essays

There could be many different causes of goiters in people who do not have thyroid problems. * The patient could have a mild case of  Hashimoto’s thyroiditis  that has not yet caused the thyroid to become underactive. * They may have inherited a â€Å"weak† thyroid gland, which has to be stimulated excessively by thyroid stimulating hormone in order to make a normal amount of thyroid hormone. We will write a custom essay sample on Goitre: Benign Thyroid Nodules or any similar topic only for you Order Now * They may have an  autoimmune diseases  in which the body’s immune system produces immunoglobulins that stimulate the thyroid to grow without either destroying it or stimulating it to make too much thyroid hormone. They may have conditions in which white blood cells in the body produce substances called â€Å"cytokines† that stimulate the thyroid to grow. Often, when a patient has a goiter with normal thyroid hormone levels, the doctor is never really able to find out the exact cause of the goiter. Small benign euthyroid goiters do not require treatment. The effectiveness of medical treatment using thyroid hormone for benign goiters is controversial. Large and complicated goiters may require medical and surgical treatment. Malignant goiters require medical and surgical treatment. The size of a benign euthyroid goiter may be reduced with levothyroxine suppressive therapy. The patient is monitored to keep serum TSH in a low but detectable range to avoid hyperthyroid ism, cardiac arrhythmias, and osteoporosis. The patient has to be compliant with monitoring. Some authorities suggest suppressive treatment for a definite time period instead of indefinite therapy. Patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis respond better. * Treatment of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism often reduces the size of a goiter. Thyroid hormone replacement is often required following surgical and radiation treatment of a goiter. Use of radioactive iodine for the therapy of nontoxic goiter has been disappointing and is controversial. * Medical therapy of autonomous nodules with thyroid hormone is not indicated. * Ethanol infusion into benign thyroid nodules has not been approved in the United States, but it is used elsewhere. * Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) can be prevented by an adequate intake of iodine in the population. Monitoring and evaluation are the most important phases of an IDD control program. The consequences of iodine deficiency are goiter and subclinical/clinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. The deficiency is an important risk factor for brain damage and motor-mental development in the fetus, the neonate and in the child. In order to assess IDD, control programs should be developed, followed up and evaluated. The recommended methods of assessing status are; assessment of the goiter rate, measurement of urinary iodine concentration, determination of thyroid hormone levels and of thyroglobulin. Although adequate technology exists, elimination programs for IDD have not been successful until recent years. The most important issue at present is the long-term sustainability of salt iodization programmes. Alternative strategies are also needed for iodization in areas where iodized salt will not be available in the foreseeable future. * Goitre associated with  hypothyroidism  or  hyperthyroidism  may be present with symptoms of the underlying disorder. For hyperthyroidism, the most common symptoms are weight loss despite increased appetite, and  heat intolerance. However, these symptoms are often unspecific and hard to diagnose. * [edit] How to cite Goitre: Benign Thyroid Nodules, Essay examples

Human Resources for Review and Research Agenda - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resources for Review and Research Agenda. Answer: In every organization, it is obvious for the managers in the process of selection to identify the hidden talent of the candidate and then hire them. Selection is a marked as a very vital stage for the applicants as well as for the organization itself. Misguide in the selection process can many time lead to the loss of good candidates. At the present organizational scenario, loss of a good candidate is a very hard thing to afford. It is also about the talent of the candidate who is selected, without the talent. Identifying talent is the important task of the management and showing the talent is an important job of the candidate. This specific article the psychology of talent management: A review and research agenda, published by Dries (2013) has depicted a vast vista on how talent management is influential for gaining organizational image and reputation. The author in this specific article has portrayed that talent management is the systematic procedure of planning as well as retaining the talented employees. In order to achieve the peak of business success employee retention is highly important. The success of a business organization is highly dependent on the performance level of the employees. The author in his specific article has pointed out that human talent is the renewable resource. Its competitors cannot steal it. Organizations while recruiting a specific employee should be concerned on the talents, skill and competency level of that individual rather than being influenced on the cultural and psychological backgrounds as well as attitudes. With the rapid threat of competitors, organizations have to face innumerable difficulties in retaining a talented employee within the business process. The author in this specific article has highlighted that attracting and retaining the talented people within the service process of a specific business organization is a major challenge. Competitors recruitment strategy and policy sometimes becomes a burden for a business organization to retain their talented employees. In order to overcome this kind of situation, the business experts have decided to implement some major strategies and policies for retaining young talents within the business services. Implementation of reward and recognition policy, providing agile work hour, flexibility in relocation are some of the most effective ways of maintaining employee sustainability. The author believes that employees would like to provide their best endeavor towards the business services only when the company intends to pay their effort of employees either by benefits or by rewards. The article has highlighted that business organization should invest certain amount of money for the purpose of talent management. As a result, the business experts can provide sufficient training and development session to the employees for enhancing their skills and competency level. It has been observed that large number of business employees cannot get their scope in developing their skill as the organizations fail to afford sufficient money for making training session. As a result, employees show their reluctant attitude in providing good performances towards the business services. The author in this specific article has highlighted the importance of talent management on the overall psychology of employees. In the article Talent management and expatriation: Bridging two streams of research and practice by Jean- Luc Cerdin and Chris Brewster, it is said that talent management is a combination of both potential and career development. This article was written aiming that the knowledge this article provides about the talent management and its relation to selection process will be effective and will be helpful for the organization to determine the selection process. in this context another mentionable comment is the one made by Oldham(2014) he said that the relationship between the characteristics of job and motivation is always more for the employees and hence they must undergo a proper selection process. Every organization must have a designed talent management process so that the employee selection is performed smoothly. This article also highlights that when an organization aims select the best candidate they should and must have a proper talent management process, which will identify t he best candidate. The talent management system will provide the organization with the committed employees who will be able to perform well and maintain the organizational structure. Development of organization is the process that uses the behavior science to work according to the planned progress and improvement of the organization effectiveness. Selection of talented employees and increasing their awareness to maintain the organizational behavior is an effective step towards the organizational development. Talent management actually does not have any true meaning but it plays a beneficial role in the organizational structure. This system of management defines how an employee gets attracted to the management, how it selects the employees and even how it develops the employee relationship within the organization. This article mostly focuses on the talent management and its importance on the selection process. The article Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies created by Deery and Jago (2015) has primarily concentrated on highlighting the positive impact of employee retention. The author opines in this specific study that maintaining the quality of products and services to the customers is not only effective for a business organization for achieving the business goal. In order to meet the demands and needs of the customers business organization should focus on the performance level of the employees. An experienced and efficient employee always adds value of an organization for earning business profitability. In order to maintain employee retention business organizations intend to make budget plan. Providing an effective training and guidance to the employees is one of the most effective ways of managing talents. It has been observed that employees fail to meet the needs and demands of the customers due to the lack of performance. In this kind of situation, the business managers can focus on providing an effective training process so that employees can develop their skill and competency level. On the other hand, providing reward and recognition to the employees is one of the major ways enhancing employee motivation. Staffs would like to perform effectively only when they would be able to get motivated from the organizations recognition policy. The author in this specific article has pointed out that necessary health facilities and benefits are one of the most effective ways of employee retention plan. Every single business organization should strictly maintain organizational health and safety act strictly. If an individual employee has to face health issue at the workplace, the business managers should give cooperative outlook to that particular individual. As a result, the employees would get a motivation in performing well towards the business services. The specific article has critically evaluated the positive impact of employee re tention in maintaining the performance level of the employees. The next article chosen is THE IMPACT OF TALENT MANAGEMENT ON RETENTION by Victor Oladapo. This includes the implication of the talent management program and its impact on the retention of the employees. Organizations often struggle to overcome the journey of finding the talented workers. This article also focuses on relating talent management to employee retention. The important aspect that this article covers is the importance of talent management. The author of this article opines that every organization has two main concerns first one are the concerns about the place, equipments and monetary issues and second ones are the brand positioning, loyalty and the employee selection. In present world the importance of In order to meet the demands and needs of the customers business organization should focus on the performance level of the employees. An experienced and efficient employee always adds value of an organization for earning business profitability. In order to maintain employee retention business organizations intend to make budget plan. Providing an effective training and guidance to the employees is one of the most effective ways of managing talents. This is why every organization should and must implement a proper talent management system along with a proper selection process. In the article, the influence of underlying philosophies on talent management: Theory, implications for practice, and research agenda by Urbancov Hana, Vnou?kov Lucie, the writer opined the investigation on the talent management philosophies. Every experienced and efficient employee always adds an efficacy of an organization for earning business profit. In order to maintain employee selection business organizations intend to adapt a proper talent management plan to make it successful. Providing an effective training and guidance to the employees is one of the most effective ways of managing talents after selection. As this topic concerns the talent management and its relation to the selection process, it can be stated, with the help of this particular article that managing a talent management process is very necessary in the present business scenario. Identifying the best employees and utilizing their abilities to maintain the standards of the business is very important and every org anization must hence initiate a talent management process for their betterment. In conclusion, it can be said that every organization in the present world needs to have the best talent management process whether at the time of selection or at the time of work. Talent management can be initiated by training as well. References: Cerdin, J.L. and Brewster, C., 2014. Talent management and expatriation: Bridging two streams of research and practice.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.245-252. Deery, M. and Jago, L., 2015. Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), pp.453-472 Dries, N., 2013. The psychology of talent management: A review and research agenda.Human Resource Management Review,23(4), pp.272-285. Meyers, M.C. and van Woerkom, M., 2014. The influence of underlying philosophies on talent management: Theory, implications for practice, and research agenda.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.192-203. Oladapo, V., 2014. The impact of talent management on retention.Journal of business studies quarterly,5(3), p.19.

Anne of Cleves

Anne of Cleves Dates: born September 22, 1515 (?), died July 16, 1557Married Henry VIII of England on January 6, 1540, divorced (annulled) July 9, 1540 Known for: safely divorcing from Henry and surviving Also known as: Anna von JÃ ¼lich-Kleve-Berg Ancestry: Like each of the wives of Henry VIII, as well as Henry himself, Anne could claim descent from Englands King Edward I. Father: John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves (died 1538) (he was a descendent of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy)Mother: Maria of JÃ ¼lich-BergBrother: William the Rich, Duke of JÃ ¼lich-Cleves-BergSister: Sybille, married to John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, Champion of the Reformation Anne was, as a young child, unofficially betrothed to Francis, heir to the Duke of Lorraine. About Anne of Cleves Jane Seymour, Henry VIIIs beloved third wife, had died. France and the Holy Roman Empire were forging an alliance. Though Jane Seymour had given birth to a son, Henry knew that he needed more sons to ensure the succession. His attention turned towards a small German state, Cleves, which might prove a solid Protestant ally. Henry sent his court painter Hans Holbein to paint the portraits of the princesses Anne and Amelia. Henry selected Anne as his next wife. Soon after the wedding, if not before, Henry was looking once again for a divorce. He was attracted to Catherine Howard, the political basis for the match was no longer as strong a motivation since France and the Holy Roman Empire were no longer allies, and he found Anne both uncultured and unattractive he is said to have called her Mare of Flanders. Anne, fully aware of Henrys marital history, cooperated in an annulment, and retired from court with the title Kings Sister. Henry gave her Hever Castle, where he had wooed Anne Boleyn, as her home. Her position and fortune made her a powerful independent woman, though there was little opportunity to exercise such power in any public sphere. Anne befriended Henrys children, riding in the coronation of Mary with Elizabeth. Bibliography: Anne of Cleves: Fourth Wife of Henry VIII, Mary Saaler, 1995. This book covers Annes years after her divorce, as one of the most powerful and wealthy women in the world.The Marrying of Anne of Cleves : Royal Protocol in Early Modern England, Retha Warnike. 2000.The Six Wives of Henry VIII, by Alison Weir, 1993.The Wives of Henry VIII, Antonia Fraser, 1993.Letters of the Queens of England 1100-1547, Anne Crawford, editor, 1997. Includes Anne of Cleves.Holbein and the Court of Henry VIII: Drawings and Miniatures from the Royal Library Windsor Castle, Reto Niggl and Jane Roberts, 1997. Religion: Protestant (Lutheran)

The Heisenberg Principle and Economics Essays

The Heisenberg Principle and Economics Essays The Heisenberg Principle and Economics Essay The Heisenberg Principle and Economics Essay A quick skim of The Wall Street Journal on a daily basis for just a week should prove to you that the Heisenberg principle does indeed apply to economics. The Wall Street Journal provides daily analyses of economic events and economists’ perspectives on what has happened as well as what is likely to happen. The Wall Street Journal ‘s curculation is evidence that these analyses are taken seriously by both businesspeople and consumers. To see how economists’ predictions change the course of economic events, look at economists’ assessment of leading and coincidental indicators and the subsequent movement up or down in the markets for stocks and bonds. Leading indicators are used to predict what is likely to happen in the future, while coincidental indicators are used to describe the economy’s current condition. When the economists say that the indicators demonstrate that the economy is in a recession or entering a recession, consumers and businesses react immediately to prepare for the anticipated recession by reducing consumption and investing more cautiously. This often serves to hasten the onset of a recession, fullfilling the economists’ original prediction. In turn, if consumers and businesses expect good times ahead, they invest and spend their money more confidently. High levels of investment and consumption translate to strong economic growth. An examination of â€Å"Orders for Durable Goods Plunge by 6%,† [The Wall Street Journal, May 25, 1995] yields an example of how this cycle works. Note Marilyn Schaja’s prediction that the Fed will move toward â€Å"an easier policy stance† and the reaction of investors in the bond markets to this statement and others similar to it; the bond market soared due to speculation that interest rates might be cut soon. This is only one example of how economists’ predictions directly affect the bond market, but the bond market rises and falls dramatically each day in response to speculation about what the Fed will do or whether the economy is predicted to speed up or slow down. Other examples abound on the second page of The Wall Street Journal. But economists are not gods. They cannot know for sure what is going to happen to the economy, and they often disagree with one another. When there is a majority consensus, the Heisenberg principle operates in full force. Businesses and consumers are often susceptible to the majority opinion, and economists’ predictions will likely be fulfilled just because the predictions have been made. When all economists seem to disagree, the individual is left to make his own decisions. In this case, the outcome is less predictable, and it might seem that the observed is less likely to be affected by the process of observation.

Job application cover Letter week 10 ENG Assignment

Job application cover Letter week 10 ENG - Assignment Example Evidently, I have worked with several auditing firms where I established my competence; hence, influencing the capability to assume the task. I engage auditing at Tesco supermarket, which is your key competitor among others where the role has restored their ability to escape risky situation in the firm (Morrison & Wilhelm, 2007). Critically, my involvement in Tesco supermarket has developed my knowledge on the respective operations initiated in supermarkets. Such an aspect simplifies my task where I can easily understand the respective risks, which may associate any supermarket. In an additional view, I engage auditing in threes distinct approaches in supermarkets to examine the entire workforce; hence, extracting areas associated with fraud and other risks. They involve the marketing department, which associate the personnel through the investigation of their financial involvement in the entity. Secondly, I consider the stocking department, which entail the purchasing team, back office and the warehouse. It is a task, which associate evaluation and investigation to determine the manner in which inventories are regulated; thus, preventing fraud. Further, the approach involves investigation of reports provided to the management by the accounting department in the entity where such an approach facilitates the realisation of fraud. Finally, I consider the sales department where I seek the transactions made by the entity within the particular accounting period where the aspect incites realisation of risks associated with the department. Such an aspect endorses them to achieve maximized profits. I assure you that my role is very effective, and I observe the generally accepted accounting principles; thus, producing a positive output. In a more critical review, I consider prudence an aspect, which entails my accuracy in calculations and reporting.